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Tokyo is considered one of the world’s major global cities and a megacity. The name “Tokyo” refers variously to Tokyo Metropolis (the prefecture) as a whole, or only to the main urban mass under its jurisdiction (thus excluding west Tama and Izu / Ogasawara Islands), or even the whole of Greater Tokyo Area, which includes Tokyo, Kanagawa, Saitama, Chiba, Gunma, Tochigi, Ibaraki, and Yamanashi prefectures, depending on context.Tokyo has the largest metropolitan gross domestic product in the world for a city, and it held the title of the world’s most expensive city for over a decade from 1992 through 2005.